2LRECALLTHE SECOND-YEAR STUDY DESKA FIZZILABS PROJECT
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510 OUTLINE ENTRIES / 360 ASSIGNED TERMS

Every name. A clear path.

Clancey topic names and assigned terms, linked to the matching study summary. Assigned names follow the corrected course definitions list. Page numbers refer to the supplied Clancey outlines. Related entries can share a card. JSON map · Complete text edition

Business Associations

Clancey outline topics 165

  1. Sole Proprietorshipp. 2
  2. Independent Contractorp. 2
  3. Partnershipp. 2
  4. Limited Partnershipp. 2
  5. Limited Liability Partnershipp. 3
  6. Limited Liability Companyp. 3
  7. Corporationp. 3
  8. S Corporationp. 3
  9. C Corporationp. 3
  10. Agencyp. 4
  11. Limited Liabilityp. 4
  12. Fiduciaryp. 4
  13. Conflict of Interestp. 4
  14. Master-Servant Relationshipp. 5
  15. Establishing the Agency Relationshipp. 5
  16. Agency by Agreementp. 5
  17. Agency by Ratificationp. 5
  18. Agency by Estoppelp. 6
  19. Agent's Authorityp. 6
  20. Agency Derived from Actual Authorityp. 6
  21. Agency Derived from Apparent Authorityp. 7
  22. Apparent Authority derived from Apparent Ownershipp. 7
  23. Agency Derived from Ostensible Authorityp. 7
  24. Inherent Powers of Agentsp. 7
  25. Scope of Agent's Authorityp. 8
  26. Imputed Noticep. 8
  27. Imputed Knowledgep. 8
  28. Ratification of Agent's Actionsp. 8
  29. Ratification of Actionsp. 9
  30. General Limits Placed upon Ratificationp. 9
  31. Ratification Not Allowedp. 9
  32. Ratification Shown by Conductp. 9
  33. Principal's Knowledge of Material Factsp. 10
  34. Ratification Relates Backp. 10
  35. Contractual Relationship Between Agent and Principalp. 10
  36. Principal's Duty to Pay Agentp. 10
  37. Principal's Duty to Cooperatep. 11
  38. Principal's Liability for Agent's Injuryp. 11
  39. Principal's Breach of Contractp. 11
  40. Agent's Duty to Performp. 11
  41. Agent's Fiduciary Duty to Principalp. 12
  42. Items Acquired During Agency Relationshipp. 12
  43. Breach of Fiduciary Dutyp. 12
  44. Liability to Third Partiesp. 12
  45. Principal Liable when Agent Acting with Authorityp. 13
  46. Principal Not Liable if Agent Acts Without Authorityp. 13
  47. Significance of the Form of Agreementp. 13
  48. Employer Liable for Torts of Employeesp. 13
  49. Employer bound by Independent Duties to Third Partiesp. 14
  50. Fellow Servant Cannot Bring Suit Against Masterp. 14
  51. Rights of Third Partyp. 14
  52. Rights Against Third Partiesp. 14
  53. Agent for Two or More Principalsp. 14
  54. Subagentp. 15
  55. Powers Delegated to Subagentp. 15
  56. Subagent's dutyp. 15
  57. Master Servant Relationships May Extend to Subagentp. 16
  58. Master Servant Relationship Does Not Apply to Independent Contractorsp. 16
  59. Exception to Inapplicability of Respondeat Superior to Independent Contractorp. 16
  60. Termination of the Agency Relationshipp. 16
  61. Notice Required for Valid Terminationp. 17
  62. Partnership by Contractp. 17
  63. Factors Indicating Partnershipp. 18
  64. Partnership Propertyp. 18
  65. Partner's Interestp. 18
  66. Partnership by Estoppelp. 18
  67. Partner's Personal Propertyp. 19
  68. Rights of Partnersp. 19
  69. Fiduciary Duties of Partnersp. 19
  70. Authority of Partnersp. 20
  71. Exceptions to Partner's Authorityp. 20
  72. Partners Claiming Third Party as Partnerp. 20
  73. Third Party Claiming as Partnerp. 20
  74. Partners Jointly and Severally Liable for Tortp. 20
  75. Dissolution of Partnershipp. 21
  76. Partner May have Right to Recover Damages on Dissolutionp. 21
  77. Dissolution Resulting from Deathp. 22
  78. Partner Liable for Partnership Debt Even if Dissolution Occursp. 22
  79. Formation of Limited Partnershipp. 22
  80. General Partnerp. 22
  81. Limited Partnerp. 23
  82. Formation of Limited Liability Companyp. 23
  83. Close Corporationp. 23
  84. Public Corporationp. 23
  85. Promoterp. 24
  86. Formation of Corporationp. 24
  87. Articles of Incorporationp. 24
  88. Bylawsp. 24
  89. Shareholdersp. 24
  90. Board of Directorsp. 25
  91. Officersp. 25
  92. De Facto Corporationp. 25
  93. Corporation by Estoppelp. 25
  94. Piercing the Corporate Veil Doctrinep. 25
  95. Ultra Viresp. 26
  96. Undercapitalization Testp. 26
  97. Separateness (Alter Ego) Testp. 26
  98. Authority of Shareholdersp. 27
  99. Authority of Directorsp. 27
  100. Authority of Officersp. 27
  101. Express Actual Authorityp. 27
  102. Implied Actual Authorityp. 27
  103. Apparent Authorityp. 28
  104. Inherent Authorityp. 28
  105. Agency in Corporate Lawp. 28
  106. De Facto Officerp. 28
  107. Respondeat Superior and corporationsp. 28
  108. Ratificationp. 29
  109. Fiduciary Duty of Carep. 29
  110. Business Judgment Rulep. 29
  111. Fiduciary Duty of Loyaltyp. 29
  112. Corporate Opportunity Doctrinep. 30
  113. Business Opportunityp. 30
  114. Authorizationp. 30
  115. Par Valuep. 31
  116. Stated Valuep. 31
  117. No Par Stockp. 31
  118. Bonus Stockp. 31
  119. Discount Sharesp. 31
  120. Watered Stockp. 32
  121. Primary Stock Salesp. 32
  122. Secondary Stock Salesp. 32
  123. Outstanding Sharesp. 32
  124. Treasury Sharesp. 32
  125. Debt Securitiesp. 32
  126. Registration Type of State Security Statutep. 33
  127. Fraud Type of State Security Statutep. 33
  128. Registration of Broker-Realtor Type State Security Statutep. 33
  129. Permit Type of State Security Statutep. 33
  130. Pre-Incorporation Subscriptionsp. 34
  131. Post-Incorporation Subscriptionsp. 34
  132. Dividendp. 34
  133. Straight Votingp. 34
  134. Cumulative Votingp. 35
  135. Right of Inspectionp. 35
  136. Shareholder Agreementsp. 35
  137. Pooling Agreementp. 35
  138. Voting Trustp. 36
  139. Right of First Refusalp. 36
  140. Equal Opportunity Doctrinep. 36
  141. Insiderp. 37
  142. Inside Informationp. 37
  143. Affirmative Misrepresentation Rulep. 37
  144. Insider's duty to disclose to shareholdersp. 37
  145. Special Facts Doctrinep. 37
  146. Insider's duty to disclose to corporationp. 38
  147. Rule 10b-5 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934p. 38
  148. Abstain or Disclose Rulep. 38
  149. Insider Trading and Agency Theory (Misappropriation Theory)p. 38
  150. Tipperp. 39
  151. Tippeep. 39
  152. Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934p. 39
  153. Proxyp. 39
  154. Section 14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934p. 40
  155. Insolvencyp. 40
  156. Bankruptcy Definition of Insolvencyp. 40
  157. Equity Definition of Insolvencyp. 40
  158. Redemption of Sharesp. 41
  159. Mergerp. 41
  160. Triangular Mergerp. 41
  161. Direct Suitp. 41
  162. Derivative Suitp. 41
  163. Deadlockp. 42
  164. Cash Tender Offerp. 42
  165. Public Exchange Offerp. 42

Assigned definition terms 100

Criminal Procedure

Clancey outline topics 141

  1. The Bill of Rightsp. 1
  2. The Bill of Rights and The 14th Amendmentp. 1
  3. Portions of the Bill of Rights Applied to the Statesp. 2
  4. Portions of the 4th Amendment Applied to Statesp. 2
  5. Requirements for a Warrantp. 2
  6. Neutral and Detached Magistratesp. 3
  7. Warrants and Probable Causep. 3
  8. Warrants and Specificityp. 4
  9. Execution of Warrants and Proper Announcementsp. 4
  10. Executing Warrants, and a Reasonable Timep. 4
  11. Challenging Evidence Obtained Under Warrantp. 5
  12. Good Faith Reliance on Invalid Warrantp. 5
  13. Searchesp. 6
  14. Standing and a Reasonable Expectation of Privacyp. 6
  15. Warrants and Searchesp. 7
  16. Reasonable Expectation of Privacyp. 7
  17. Plain View and Search Warrantsp. 8
  18. Search Warrants and Consentp. 8
  19. Automobiles and Warrantless Searchesp. 9
  20. Warrantless Searches Incident to Lawful Arrestp. 10
  21. Warrantless Searches and Investigatory Detentionsp. 10
  22. Warrantless Searches and the Danger of Losing Evidencep. 11
  23. Warrantless Searches and Hot Pursuitp. 11
  24. Warrantless Searches and Emergenciesp. 12
  25. Warrantless Searches and Bordersp. 12
  26. Warrantless searches and the Immigration and Naturalization Servicep. 13
  27. Warrantless Searches and Unreliable Listenersp. 13
  28. Warrantless Searches and Uninvited Listenersp. 14
  29. Warrantless Searches and Pen Registersp. 14
  30. Administrative Agencies and Warrantsp. 14
  31. Administrative Agencies and Exceptions to the Warrant Requirementp. 15
  32. Warrantless Searches and Public School Childrenp. 16
  33. Warrantless Searches and Airline Passengersp. 16
  34. Probationers and Warrantless Searchesp. 16
  35. Parolees and Warrantless Searchesp. 17
  36. Warrantless Searches and Government Employees’ Desks and Filesp. 17
  37. Warrantless Searches and Contaminated Foodp. 18
  38. Warrantless Searches and Highly Regulated Industriesp. 19
  39. Warrantless Searches and General and Neutral Enforcement Plansp. 19
  40. Searches and Methods that “shock the Conscience”p. 19
  41. Criteria to Consider Regarding the “shock the Conscience Testp. 20
  42. Seizures and Owners of Property Used in a Crimep. 20
  43. Forfeitures and Owners of Property Used in a Crimep. 21
  44. Exclusionary Rulep. 21
  45. Fruit of the Poisonous Treep. 21
  46. Purpose Behind Exclusionary Rulep. 22
  47. “Free” Will of Defendantp. 23
  48. Independent Sourcep. 23
  49. Inevitable Discoveryp. 24
  50. Exceptions to the Exclusionary Rulep. 24
  51. The Exclusionary Rule and Grand Juriesp. 24
  52. The Exclusionary Rule and Impeachmentp. 25
  53. The Exclusionary Rule and Violations of Internal Agency Rulesp. 25
  54. The Exclusionary Rule and Civil Proceedingsp. 26
  55. The Exclusionary Rule and Harmless Errorp. 26
  56. The Exclusionary Rule and Good Faith Reliancep. 27
  57. How to Assert the Exclusionary Rulep. 27
  58. Defendants and the Exclusionary Rulep. 28
  59. Arrestp. 28
  60. Arrests and Warrantsp. 29
  61. Warrantless Arrests and Common Lawp. 29
  62. Detentions for Purposes of Investigationp. 30
  63. Investigatory Detentions vs. Arrestp. 30
  64. Automobile Stopsp. 31
  65. Statutes Regarding Loiteringp. 31
  66. Confessions and Admissibilityp. 32
  67. Confessions and Reliabilityp. 32
  68. Confessions and the “Proper Meansp. 32
  69. Confessions and Police Actionp. 33
  70. Confessions and Miranda Warningsp. 33
  71. Confessions and the Right to Counselp. 34
  72. Confessions and Waiversp. 34
  73. Confessions and Grand Juriesp. 35
  74. Confessions and Public Safetyp. 35
  75. Confessions and Impeachmentp. 36
  76. Confessions Made Subsequent to Invalid Confessionsp. 36
  77. Confessions and “Fruit of the Poisonous Treep. 37
  78. The Juvenile Justice Systemp. 37
  79. Juveniles and Delinquency Hearingsp. 37
  80. Equal Protection, Indigency and Finesp. 38
  81. Pretrial Hearings and Detentionsp. 38
  82. What Constitutes a Probable Cause Determinationp. 38
  83. What Constitutes a Significant Restraint on One’s Libertyp. 38
  84. Post Probable Cause Appearancep. 39
  85. Bail Issuesp. 39
  86. Bail Considerationsp. 39
  87. Pre-trial Incarcerationp. 40
  88. Determinations of Probable Cause to Prosecutep. 40
  89. Prosecutors and Disclosurep. 40
  90. Speedy Trialp. 41
  91. Reasonableness and Speedy Trialsp. 41
  92. When One is Entitled to a Speedy Trialp. 41
  93. Remedy for Violation of One’s Right to a Speedy Trialp. 42
  94. Pre-trial Personal Identificationsp. 42
  95. Pre-trial Non-Personal Identificationp. 43
  96. Physical Evidence of a Defendant and the Right to an Attorneyp. 43
  97. Due Process Consideration and Identificationsp. 43
  98. Prejudicial Identificationsp. 44
  99. The Test for Admissibility of a Potentially Tainted, In-Court Identificationp. 44
  100. Defendant’s Burden and Tainted Identificationsp. 45
  101. Government’s Burden and Tainted Identificationsp. 45
  102. Competency and Standing Trialp. 45
  103. Judges and Competency of a Defendantp. 46
  104. Incompetent Defendantsp. 46
  105. Burden of Proofp. 47
  106. Plea Bargainingp. 47
  107. Self-incriminationp. 48
  108. Prosecutor’s Inability to Commentp. 48
  109. Exceptionsp. 48
  110. Confrontation and Confessions of a Co-Defendantp. 49
  111. Confrontation and Hearsayp. 49
  112. Hearsay Exceptionsp. 49
  113. Right to Trial by Juryp. 50
  114. Serious Offensesp. 50
  115. Right to an Impartial Juryp. 51
  116. Civil Contempt and Jury Trialsp. 51
  117. Post Trial Criminal Contempt and the Right to a Juryp. 51
  118. During Trial Contempt and the Right to a Juryp. 52
  119. Number of Jurorsp. 52
  120. Right to a Jury of One’s Peersp. 52
  121. Jurors and Political Viewsp. 53
  122. Jurors and Racep. 53
  123. Confrontation Clausep. 54
  124. Public Trialsp. 54
  125. Double Jeopardyp. 55
  126. When Has One Been Subjected to Trialp. 55
  127. Double Jeopardy and Exceptionsp. 55
  128. Habeas Corpusp. 56
  129. Requirements Prior to Habeas Corpusp. 56
  130. Lower Court Findings and Habeas Corpusp. 57
  131. Appealsp. 57
  132. Appeals and Indigencyp. 58
  133. Post Appeal Retrialsp. 58
  134. Probation and Parole Revocation and Right to Counselp. 58
  135. Cruel and Unusual Punishmentp. 60
  136. “Cruel and Unusual Punishment,” and the Death Penaltyp. 60
  137. Prison Regulationsp. 60
  138. Prisoners and the Right to Privacyp. 61
  139. Due Process and Prison Disciplinep. 61
  140. Rights of Prisonersp. 62
  141. Post Completion of Sentence, Punishmentp. 62

Assigned definition terms 80

Real Property

Clancey outline topics 126

  1. Ownershipp. 1
  2. Possessionp. 1
  3. Actual Possessionp. 2
  4. Constructive Possessionp. 2
  5. Trespassp. 2
  6. Trespass to Chattelsp. 2
  7. Trespass to Landp. 3
  8. Troverp. 3
  9. Trespass on the Casep. 3
  10. Replevinp. 4
  11. Ejectmentp. 4
  12. Bailmentp. 4
  13. Adverse Possessionp. 4
  14. Color of Titlep. 5
  15. Tackingp. 5
  16. Estatep. 6
  17. Present Estatesp. 6
  18. Words of Purchasep. 6
  19. Words of limitationp. 6
  20. Future Estatesp. 7
  21. Fee Simple Absolutep. 7
  22. Defeasible Feesp. 7
  23. Fee Simple Determinablep. 7
  24. Possibility of Reverterp. 8
  25. Fee Simple Subject to a Condition Subsequentp. 8
  26. Right of Re-Entry (or Power of Termination)p. 8
  27. Fee Simple Subject to an Executory Limitationp. 9
  28. Fee Tailp. 9
  29. Life Estatep. 9
  30. Doctrine of Wastep. 9
  31. Voluntary Wastep. 10
  32. Permissive Wastep. 10
  33. Reversionp. 10
  34. Vested Interestsp. 10
  35. Remaindersp. 11
  36. Vested Remainder Subject to Complete Divestmentp. 11
  37. Vested Remainder Subject to Partial Divestment (or Subject to Open)p. 11
  38. Condition Subsequentp. 12
  39. Condition Precedentp. 12
  40. Contingent Remainderp. 12
  41. Executory Interestp. 12
  42. Doctrine of Mergerp. 13
  43. Rule in Shelley's Casep. 13
  44. Destructibility of Contingent Remaindersp. 13
  45. Restraints on Alienationp. 14
  46. Total Restraintp. 14
  47. Partial Restraintp. 14
  48. Disabling Restraintp. 14
  49. Forfeiture Restraintp. 14
  50. Promissory Restraintp. 15
  51. Rule Against Perpetuitiesp. 15
  52. Concurrent Estatesp. 15
  53. Joint Tenancyp. 16
  54. Tenancy in Commonp. 16
  55. Tenancy by the Entiretiesp. 16
  56. Partitionp. 16
  57. Leaseholdp. 17
  58. Tenancy for Yearsp. 17
  59. Periodic Tenancyp. 17
  60. Tenancy at Willp. 18
  61. Tenancy at Sufferance (or Holdover Tenant)p. 18
  62. Covenant of Quiet Enjoymentp. 18
  63. Implied Warranty of Habitabilityp. 19
  64. Retaliatory Evictionp. 19
  65. Surrenderp. 19
  66. Abandonmentp. 20
  67. Assignmentp. 20
  68. Subleasep. 20
  69. Nonpossessory Interests in Landp. 20
  70. Benefitp. 21
  71. Burdenp. 21
  72. Appurtenantp. 21
  73. In Grossp. 21
  74. Servient Estatep. 21
  75. Dominant Estatep. 22
  76. Easementp. 22
  77. Affirmative Easementp. 22
  78. Negative Easementp. 22
  79. Easement by Necessityp. 23
  80. Easement by Prescriptionp. 23
  81. Licensep. 23
  82. Profitsp. 23
  83. Exclusive Profitsp. 24
  84. Nonexclusive Profitsp. 24
  85. Surcharge Doctrinep. 24
  86. Covenantsp. 24
  87. Affirmative Covenantp. 25
  88. Negative Covenantp. 25
  89. Real Covenantsp. 25
  90. Equitable Servitudep. 25
  91. Mergerp. 26
  92. Abandonmentp. 26
  93. Acquiescencep. 26
  94. Estoppelp. 27
  95. Nuisancep. 27
  96. Private Nuisancep. 27
  97. Zoningp. 28
  98. Police Powerp. 28
  99. Density Controlsp. 28
  100. Conditional Usep. 28
  101. Variancep. 28
  102. Use Variancep. 29
  103. Contract Zoningp. 29
  104. Floating Zonesp. 29
  105. Part Performancep. 30
  106. Equitable Conversionp. 30
  107. Deedp. 30
  108. Marketable Titlep. 30
  109. Deliveryp. 31
  110. Conditional Deliveryp. 31
  111. Relation Back Doctrinep. 32
  112. Covenants for Titlep. 32
  113. General Warranty Deedp. 32
  114. Present Covenantsp. 33
  115. Future Covenantsp. 33
  116. Bona Fide Purchaserp. 34
  117. Special Warranty Deedp. 34
  118. Estoppel by Deedp. 34
  119. Quitclaim Deedp. 35
  120. First in Time, First in Rightp. 35
  121. Recording Actsp. 35
  122. Noticep. 36
  123. Actual Noticep. 36
  124. Constructive Noticep. 36
  125. Inquiry Noticep. 36
  126. Wild Deedp. 37

Assigned definition terms 100

Remedies

Clancey outline topics 78

  1. Damagesp. 1
  2. Compensatory Damagesp. 1
  3. General Damagesp. 2
  4. Value Measurep. 2
  5. Cost Measurep. 2
  6. Special Damagesp. 3
  7. Certainty Requirementp. 3
  8. Avoidable Consequences Rulep. 3
  9. Collateral Source Rulep. 4
  10. Pre-Judgment Interestp. 4
  11. Attorney's Feesp. 4
  12. Punitive Damagesp. 5
  13. Equitable Orderp. 5
  14. Injunctionp. 5
  15. Adequacy Requirementp. 6
  16. Preservation of Jury Rightsp. 6
  17. Economic Wastep. 6
  18. Temporary Restraining Orderp. 6
  19. Preliminary Injunctionp. 7
  20. Permanent Injunctionp. 7
  21. Bondp. 7
  22. Decretal Transferp. 8
  23. Legal Judgmentp. 8
  24. Contemptp. 8
  25. Civil Contemptp. 8
  26. Criminal Contemptp. 9
  27. Erroneous Ordersp. 9
  28. Void Ordersp. 9
  29. Mandatory Injunctionp. 10
  30. Prohibitory Injunctionp. 10
  31. Independent Interest Testp. 10
  32. Encroachmentsp. 10
  33. Willful Encroachmentp. 11
  34. Nuisancep. 11
  35. Permanent Damagesp. 11
  36. Temporary Damagesp. 12
  37. Statute of Limitationsp. 12
  38. Restitutionp. 13
  39. Replevinp. 13
  40. Ejectmentp. 13
  41. Quasi-Contractp. 13
  42. Waiver of Tort and Suit in Assumpsitp. 14
  43. Constructive Trustp. 14
  44. Tracingp. 15
  45. Commingled Fundsp. 15
  46. Bona Fide Purchaserp. 15
  47. Equitable Lienp. 16
  48. Changed Circumstancesp. 16
  49. Volunteer Defensep. 16
  50. Gift Principlep. 17
  51. Choice Principlep. 17
  52. Lachesp. 17
  53. Unclean Handsp. 18
  54. Hardshipp. 18
  55. Rescissionp. 18
  56. Equitable Rescissionp. 19
  57. Mistakep. 19
  58. Legal Rescissionp. 19
  59. Mutual Mistakep. 20
  60. Unilateral Mistakep. 20
  61. Misrepresentationp. 20
  62. Reformationp. 20
  63. Unilateral Mistakep. 21
  64. Expectationp. 21
  65. Reliancep. 22
  66. Essential Reliancep. 22
  67. Incidental Reliancep. 22
  68. Specific Performance with Abatementp. 23
  69. Proportionate Abatementp. 23
  70. Decrease in Valuep. 23
  71. Liquidated Damages Clausep. 24
  72. Penalty Provisionp. 24
  73. Specific Performancep. 24
  74. Definite and Certain Contractp. 25
  75. Mutuality of Remedyp. 25
  76. Mutuality of Performancep. 25
  77. Indirect Specific Performancep. 26
  78. Negative Covenantp. 26

Assigned definition terms 80